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The Effectiveness of Tax Incentives on the Growth of Nigerian Startups: A Case Study of SMEs in Enugu

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Background of the Study

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are critical to Nigeria's economic development, contributing significantly to employment, innovation, and GDP growth. Tax incentives are often used as a policy tool to support SMEs by reducing their financial burdens and encouraging expansion. In Enugu, SMEs face numerous challenges, including high operational costs, limited access to credit, and inconsistent government support (Ezeh & Nwankwo, 2024).

The Nigerian government has introduced various tax incentives, such as tax holidays and reduced rates for startups, to stimulate their growth. However, the effectiveness of these incentives in driving sustainable growth remains debatable. Recent studies suggest that while some SMEs benefit from these policies, others struggle due to bureaucratic hurdles and lack of awareness (Okonkwo, 2023).

This study examines how tax incentives have influenced the growth of SMEs in Enugu, shedding light on their effectiveness and areas for improvement.

Statement of the Problem

Despite the availability of tax incentives, many SMEs in Enugu struggle to achieve significant growth. Issues such as poor implementation, lack of transparency, and limited access to these incentives undermine their effectiveness (Chijioke et al., 2023). Furthermore, the lack of awareness among SME operators about available tax benefits results in underutilization.

The high rate of business failure among startups in Enugu raises questions about the adequacy of existing tax policies. Without addressing these challenges, the potential of SMEs to drive economic growth and reduce unemployment in the region remains untapped.

Objectives of the Study

  1. To evaluate the effectiveness of tax incentives in promoting the growth of SMEs in Enugu.
  2. To identify the challenges SMEs face in accessing and utilizing tax incentives.
  3. To recommend strategies for improving the implementation of tax incentives for SMEs.

Research Questions

  1. How effective are tax incentives in promoting the growth of SMEs in Enugu?
  2. What challenges do SMEs face in accessing and utilizing tax incentives?
  3. What strategies can improve the implementation of tax incentives for SMEs in Enugu?

Research Hypotheses

  1. Tax incentives significantly promote the growth of SMEs in Enugu.
  2. Challenges in accessing tax incentives hinder their effectiveness for SMEs in Enugu.
  3. Improved implementation of tax incentives can enhance SME growth in Enugu.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focuses on SMEs in Enugu, analyzing the impact of tax incentives on their growth from 2023 to 2025. Limitations include potential bias in self-reported data from SMEs and challenges in obtaining official records on tax policies.

Definitions of Terms

  • Tax Incentives: Financial benefits offered by the government to reduce the tax burden on businesses.
  • Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Businesses with a limited scale of operations, typically defined by revenue and employee size.
  • Startup Growth: The expansion of new businesses in terms of revenue, market share, and operational capacity.




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